# LOD & LOIN

### What is LOD?

LOD stands for **Level of Detail** and refers to the level of detail and accuracy of information included in a BIM model at different stages of a project.

Imagine a building project as a journey from a rough sketch to a fully furnished home. LOD represents the level of detail and accuracy of the building model at each stage of this journey.

In **konseptprosjekt** (LOD 100), the building model is a rough sketch, with basic shapes and dimensions. It's like a concept drawing that outlines the overall design of the building.

As the project progresses, the model evolves into a more refined representation of the building, with increasing detail and accuracy. This is **skisseprosjekt** (LOD 200), where the model includes more detailed dimensions, materials, and connections.

By the time the project reaches **forprosjekt** (LOD 300), the model becomes a highly detailed representation, including specific components, finishes, and specifications. It's like having a 3D blueprint that can be used for construction planning and coordination.

For **detaljprosjekt** (LOD 400), the model is even more detailed, with information specific to fabrication and installation. It's like a digital manual for construction workers, providing precise instructions for assembling building components.

Finally, during **as-built documentation** (LOD 500), the model is updated with the actual dimensions, materials, and components used in the constructed building. It's like a digital record of the finished building, providing valuable information for maintenance and future renovations.

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In summary, LOD is a standardized framework that helps ensure that BIM models are developed with the **appropriate level of detail and accuracy for each stage** of a building project. This helps to improve communication, coordination, and efficiency throughout the design and construction process.
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<figure><img src="https://4229861674-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F-MJXJWi-MF8V2GeaFsM-%2Fuploads%2FVwfNz6C7rigRjDpo876T%2FLOD_door.png?alt=media&#x26;token=99aa4d11-adf2-429e-bba7-013f8602e57f" alt=""><figcaption><p>Example: How does LOD100 - LOD500 look for a door.</p></figcaption></figure>

### What is LOIN?

LOIN stands for **Level of Information Need**. It's a framework that helps define the amount and type of information that needs to be included in a BIM model to meet the requirements of a particular project phase or user. Imagine LOIN like a smart roadmap that guides the BIM team in creating a model that contains exactly the right information for each stage of the project.

Here's a simplified breakdown of LOIN:

* **Geometry:** Think of shapes, sizes, and placements of BIM objects.
* **Information:** Encompasses non-geometrical data like material specs, manufacturer info, and maintenance details.
* **Documentation:** Includes supporting documents like drawings, specs, and installation manuals.

By defining clear LOIN requirements for each project phase, the BIM team can ensure that the model provides precise and relevant information to the right people at the right time. This leads to improved communication, informed decisions, and ultimately, a more successful project.

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In essence, LOIN is the information compass that guides BIM teams in **creating models with the right information at the right time**, paving the way for better outcomes throughout the project lifecycle.
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<figure><img src="https://4229861674-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F-MJXJWi-MF8V2GeaFsM-%2Fuploads%2FWWrHxPb7pvPgzu5vTzrZ%2FLOIN_doorlist.png?alt=media&#x26;token=1657e2c4-5c19-4b8a-85c4-cba1f1fb3962" alt=""><figcaption><p>Example: A door list is a specific type of LOIN. It contains only alphanumeric information e.g. for the contractor to order doors, not graphical information.</p></figcaption></figure>

### How will that impact my project?

The three concepts of **LOD**, **LOIN**, and [**MMI**](https://a-lab-1.gitbook.io/a-lab-digital-manual/bim-gjennomforingsplan-bep/mmi) are interconnected in the following way:

* **LOD** drives **LOIN**. The level of detail of a BIM model determines the amount and type of information that is needed for the model to be useful.
* **LOIN** informs **MMI**. The information needs of an organization's stakeholders can be used to develop an information management strategy that is aligned with the organization's goals.
* **MMI** supports **LOD and LOIN**. A mature information management system can help organizations create and manage BIM models that meet the specific needs of their stakeholders.

In summary, LOD, LOIN, and MMI are all important concepts in BIM. They work together to ensure that BIM models are created and used in a way that is efficient, effective, and beneficial for all stakeholders.

<figure><img src="https://4229861674-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F-MJXJWi-MF8V2GeaFsM-%2Fuploads%2Fyv4Dh3xlumphSMkfD0yj%2Flevelofdetail_hintergrund.png?alt=media&#x26;token=6dffa467-2355-42e5-b3bf-42e7e54820be" alt=""><figcaption><p>LOD, LOIN and MMI</p></figcaption></figure>
